Stored cord blood holds significant promise for treating various medical conditions, but like any medical procedure, it comes with associated risks. Understanding these risks is crucial for expectant parents considering cord blood banking for their newborn. Below are some of the potential risks involved in using stored cord blood.

1. Limited Availability of Donor Matches
One of the primary risks of relying solely on stored cord blood is the limited availability of donor matches. If a newborn's cord blood is required for treatment in the future, it may not be a perfect match for the child or other family members. This limitation can be particularly concerning for those with rare blood types or specific genetic conditions.

2. Quality and Viability Concerns
Another risk is the possible degradation in the quality and viability of the cord blood over time. Although cord blood can be stored for years, the longer it remains in storage, the likelihood increases that its stem cells may not function as effectively as they would when freshly collected. If the preservation process was not executed properly, this could further diminish the quality.

3. Storage and Handling Issues
The effectiveness of stored cord blood depends significantly on how well it is stored and handled by the cord blood bank. Errors in freezing, storage conditions, or even transportation can compromise the stem cells' integrity, rendering them useless for future medical use. It's essential to choose a reputable cord blood bank with a proven track record.

4. Ethical and Legal Implications
There are also ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of stored cord blood. Parents must ensure they fully understand the terms of use of the cord blood bank. Issues related to ownership, consent, and potential commercial use of the stored samples can arise, leading to complications if the cord blood is needed later.

5. Potential for Genetic Conditions
Using stored cord blood for hematopoietic stem cell transplants has raised concerns about genetic conditions. If the cord blood contains any hereditary diseases or abnormalities, transplanting it may transmit these issues to the child or other recipients. This is especially pertinent for families with a history of genetic disorders.

6. Incomplete Medical History
If the stored cord blood is later used for transplantation, the medical history of the infant at birth plays a crucial role in treatment. If any complications arose during delivery or if the baby had exposure to infections, it might not always be fully documented or known at the time of transplantation. This could pose risks if the cord blood is deemed incompatible due to undetected conditions.

7. Emotional and Psychological Considerations
The process of banking cord blood and later using it can also lead to emotional and psychological stress. Parents may experience anxiety about the potential outcomes, worrying whether the stored blood will be necessary and whether it will be effective. These emotional factors can add an additional layer of complexity to the already challenging experience of managing a newborn’s health.

In conclusion, while stored cord blood offers potential benefits, it is crucial for parents to weigh these against the risks. Careful consideration and consultation with healthcare professionals can help in making informed decisions regarding cord blood banking and its implications for future health.